tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-67426467351857460992024-02-18T19:43:41.164-08:00TEKNIK KOMPUTER dan JARINGANBelajar networking dan komputerHendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.comBlogger10125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-24057600588915252812011-05-09T07:26:00.000-07:002011-05-09T07:28:39.324-07:00Share file and folderBerikut ini cara melakukan sharing folder dan file pada operating system Windows XP sehingga dapat dipergunakan pada komputer lain yang terhubung dalam satu Network, perhatikan pada gambar di bawa ini nama folder yang akan dishare adalah folder "Data"<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRVQEIKFtNZXi6CXv3ZrKp6cTHGw0DYfJlJgEZbX7IkMYqFeDWOZ4cpyUq_QELq-9Ud66n5WQnFm95qqBsqfKor409KJ-sHxQeYrN873dDIlDzKbIiUhjksjSpRnjV0iRNXZDCYJoAEGMp/s1600/New+Picture.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRVQEIKFtNZXi6CXv3ZrKp6cTHGw0DYfJlJgEZbX7IkMYqFeDWOZ4cpyUq_QELq-9Ud66n5WQnFm95qqBsqfKor409KJ-sHxQeYrN873dDIlDzKbIiUhjksjSpRnjV0iRNXZDCYJoAEGMp/s320/New+Picture.bmp" width="320" /></a></div><br />
Pada gambar di atas menunjukkan folder Data yang akan kita share, klik kanan tombol mouse tepat pada folder yang dikehendaki, kemudian pilih "Sharing and Security..." sehingga menampilkan window berikut:<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgUCIPaUekh3SiRrvVBkQsuFOPBnOYHKM27laFd5Mr5e12xbR71Db4lU0GzbS8hvBrS-IrIYMPnAP12VcpzTSVqjQMS231V52bgcuyQy41PElpBrKrr6IMUGc8FhUH8DhkMaM5z4aRZ0EQ/s320/New+Picture+%25281%2529.bmp" width="258" /></div><br />
Pada windows Data Properties tab Sharing bagian Network sharing and security klik pada "If you understand the security ......" kemudian keluar window dengan pilihan sepirti pada gambar berikut<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgw21JgjtQgLkqpSq62KxHbtKW1PusJtcIR70mrKdH2OkVeVyPOohXpRuTeowZ0BcVy8vuygCa14Q3qTQ4-egV_aUI0gBFXuqD-5-e8BeXkRG-V8gxhUU_DWQXp1ujrEdv8Qx7QN0fny1t/s1600/New+Picture+%25282%2529.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgw21JgjtQgLkqpSq62KxHbtKW1PusJtcIR70mrKdH2OkVeVyPOohXpRuTeowZ0BcVy8vuygCa14Q3qTQ4-egV_aUI0gBFXuqD-5-e8BeXkRG-V8gxhUU_DWQXp1ujrEdv8Qx7QN0fny1t/s320/New+Picture+%25282%2529.bmp" width="277" /></a></div><br />
Pilih just enable file sharing dan klik tombol OK maka window Data properties akan berubah seperti pada gambar berikut<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVRBArpFiXpnOop7fZ17zTAxrGBEB9BGWc1Yam8PfWAhhIJ9A8bTelCnt5cdzeTwsQfIsA-N_6EtSorvfWk_SNx3Va1yo-Ps7sIs2iykmpUcPht-jWgu2x8fWaoI5LSIdvfrimE73PdOWf/s1600/New+Picture+%25283%2529.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVRBArpFiXpnOop7fZ17zTAxrGBEB9BGWc1Yam8PfWAhhIJ9A8bTelCnt5cdzeTwsQfIsA-N_6EtSorvfWk_SNx3Va1yo-Ps7sIs2iykmpUcPht-jWgu2x8fWaoI5LSIdvfrimE73PdOWf/s320/New+Picture+%25283%2529.bmp" width="258" /></a></div><br />
Beri tanda contreng pada "Share this folder on the network", jika menginginkan file atau folder yang terdqapat di dalam folder Data dapat dirubah, dihapus, atau ditambah oleh user, maka contreng juga pilihan "Allow network user to change my file"<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFZHJ4xGd4MdG5gnGw8KyYZdZALJxBMVLrRWLXbUTI5BV6IghLKCnWP4_bWVjGrwoPwot11hCOpnShTGDrYEQsH2Z8nRfXaa9OpOkyulTpjLscAQGiIunBlShp0gJC8mvfWIFt7MKNXZF0/s1600/New+Picture+%25284%2529.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjFZHJ4xGd4MdG5gnGw8KyYZdZALJxBMVLrRWLXbUTI5BV6IghLKCnWP4_bWVjGrwoPwot11hCOpnShTGDrYEQsH2Z8nRfXaa9OpOkyulTpjLscAQGiIunBlShp0gJC8mvfWIFt7MKNXZF0/s320/New+Picture+%25284%2529.bmp" width="259" /></a></div>Dengan mencontreng "Allow network user to change my file" berarti membuka penuh folder Anda pada Network/Jaringan, ini tidak menutup kemungkinan menjadi faktor menyusupnya virus dari komputer lain masuk ke folder kita yang telah dishare, bahkan bisa menyebar ke system. Untuk pencegahan virus diupayakan untuk meng-Update anti virus secara berkala.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4MIStbIwFm_CQDWmOmsENmilJSfA1rUbmJm_48_P6N0d3TCOaMUL9vjMUczSTZDI5vXFY-0QRkshrHvivlfue7B309PNg4w2_N5Tk-MHGFKOMF9oOPoV8gPlj5LU8aW7i9F4Z-OXqfoK/s1600/New+Picture+%25285%2529.bmp" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="202" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgf4MIStbIwFm_CQDWmOmsENmilJSfA1rUbmJm_48_P6N0d3TCOaMUL9vjMUczSTZDI5vXFY-0QRkshrHvivlfue7B309PNg4w2_N5Tk-MHGFKOMF9oOPoV8gPlj5LU8aW7i9F4Z-OXqfoK/s320/New+Picture+%25285%2529.bmp" width="320" /></a></div><br />
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Selesai sudah langkah-langkah berbagi data/file pada pengguna lain yang terhubung dalam satu network, perhatikan folder yang telah di share terdapat gambar tangan dan lihat bedanya antara folder "Data" dengan folder "My Documents" pada gambar di atas.Hendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-75248119263665527022011-04-17T08:19:00.000-07:002011-04-17T08:41:41.460-07:00Teknologi Jaringan Akses xDSL<p> <span lang="EN-US" style="'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"></span><span><span><span><span></span></span>Internet saat ini sudah menjadi sebuah teknologi dan jaringan komunikasi data yang paling populer di planet ini. Pada lima tahun lalu, trafik telnet dan World Wide Web merupakan jenis-jenis trafik dominan. Akan tetapi, bentuk layanan yang ditawarkan Internet semakin beragam. Pengguna Internet mulai menggunakan aplikasi-aplikasi “pembunuh”, seperti video conference, telemedicine, distance learning, dan layanan-layanan lain yang banyak menghabiskan bandwidth.</span></span> </p><p> <span lang="EN-US" style="'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"></span><span><span>Akan tetapi, teknologi Modem konvensional saat ini yang mempunyai rate maksimum 56 kbps tentu saja tidak dapat mengakomodasi layanan-layanan baru ini. Para pengguna Internet menginginkan kapasitas transfer data yang lebih besar agar dapat menggunakan aplikasi-aplikasi Internet secara wajar. Oleh karena itu, teknologi xDSL saat ini merupakan sebuah alternatif terbaik yang cocok diterapkan untuk mempercepat akses transfer data di subscriber lines.</span></span> <span><span><br /></span></span></p><p> <span lang="EN-US" style="'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"></span><span><span><strong>DSL (Digital Subscriber Lines)</strong></span></span></p><p><span><span>Digital Subscriber Lines sebagai teknologi transmisi sebenarnya dibangun untuk ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) Basic Rate Access Channel. Nama DSL digunakan untuk untuk mendiskripsikan teknologi transmisi atau physical layer untuk ISDN Basic Rate Access Channel. Saat ini, DSL, atau disebut juga xDSL digunakan sebagai penamaan umum untuk semua jenis sistem DSL. Transmisi full-duplex pada jaringan telepon 2 kawat, menggunakan 3 macam metode :</span></span></p><ol><li><span><span>Frequency Division Multiplex (FDM)</span></span></li><li><span><span>Time Compression Multiplex (TCM)</span></span></li><li><span><span>Echo cancellation (EC)</span></span></li></ol><p> <span><span>Perbedaan pendapat di antara metode TCM dan EC untuk transmisi DSL masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Isu utama yang diperbandingkan yaitu tentang rugi-rugi transmisi, <em>echo level</em>, kompatibilitas dengan sistem lain, dan kompleksitas sistem. Secara garis besar, sistem TCM kelebihannya tidak membutuhkan <em>echo canceler</em>, sebagai pemisah transmisi yang berbeda arahnya yang terjadi pada suatu waktu. Tetapi dengan berkembangnya teknologi </span></span><em><span><span>Very Large Integrated Circuit (VLSI)</span></span></em><span><span>, maka untuk merealisasikan <em>echo canceler</em> menjadi bisa lebih ekonomis. Sistem EC berpotensi lebih kompleks, menggunakan 50 % bandwidth transmisi lebih sedikit daripada pesaingnya.</span></span> <span><span><br /></span></span></p><p> <span lang="EN-US" style="'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"></span><span><span><strong>HDSL (High Data-Rate Digital Subscriber Lines)</strong></span></span></p><p><span><span>HDSL merupakan sebuah sistem yang lebih baik untuk mengirimkan T1/E1 melalui saluran kawat twisted-pair. HDSL memerlukan bandwidth yang lebih kecil dan tidak memerlukan repeater. Dengan menerapkan teknik modulasi yang lebih baik, HDSL dapat mengirimkan data dengan transfer rate 1,544 Mbps atau 2,048 Mbps hanya dengan bandwidth sekitar 80 kHz hingga 240 kHz atau lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan yang diperlukan oleh AMI.</span></span></p><p><span><span>HDSL dapat menyalurkan data pada kecepatan tersebut di atas pada saluran 24 AWG sepanjang 12 kft ,biasa disebut CSA (Carrier Serving Area), dan memerlukan 2 pasang saluran kawat untuk T1 dan 3 pasang saluran untuk E1 yang masing-masing bekerja pada atau kecepatan total.</span></span> <span><span><br /></span></span></p><p> <span lang="EN-US" style="'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"></span><span><span><strong>SDSL (Single-Line Digital Subscriber Lines)</strong></span></span> <span><span><br /></span></span></p><p> <span lang="EN-US" style="'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"></span><span><span>SDSL merupakan jenis lain dari HDSL. SDSL hanya memerlukan sepasang kawat saluran saja untuk menyalurkan POTS dan T1/E1. Kelebihan utama SDSL dibandingkan dengan HDSL adalah mudah diterapkan di setiap pelanggan karena hanya memerlukan satu saluran telepon biasa. Kekurangannya adalah hanya dapat digunakan pada saluran sepanjang 10 kft.<br /></span></span></p><p> <span lang="EN-US" style="'font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"></span><span><span><span><span><strong>ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Lines)</strong></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span>ADSL merupakan perkembangan selanjutnya dari HDSL. Seperti namanya, ADSL mentransmisikan data secara asimetrik, yaitu kapasitas transmisinya berbeda antara saat downstream (dari jaringan ke pelanggan) dan saat upstream (dari pelanggan ke jaringan). Kapasitas downstream lebih tinggi daripada kapasitas upstream. Ada beberapa alasan mengenai transmisi datanya yang asimetrik, antara lain karena kebutuhan kapasitas transmisinya, sifat saluran transmisi, dan sisi aplikasinya.</span></span></span></span></p><p><span><span><span><span>Kebutuhan kapasitas yang tidak perlu sama dapat dilihat dari kebiasaan yagn ada sampai saat ini, yaitu biasanya para pelanggan (misalnya pelanggan layanan Internet) hanya memerlukan pengambilan data (download) dari penyedia informasi. Jika informasi yang diambil tersebut berupa informasi m</span></span>ultimedia (atau apapun yang memiliki ukuran data yang relatif besar), seharusnya diperlukan saluran transportasi dengan kapasitas yang besar untuk keperluan download tersebut.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Di sisi lain, pelanggan jarang sekali melakukan pengiriman data ke jaringan (upload). Jika dilakukan, biasanya hanya berupa data-data kontrol atau permintaan pelayanan ke penyedia informasi. Data kontrol ini tidak lebih dari sederetan karakter yang relatif pendek. Oleh karena itu, hanya diperlukan saluran transmisi dengan kapasitas yagn terbatas. Ada kalanya pelanggan melakukan upload ke jaringan dengan mengirimkan data-data yang cukup besar. Akan tetapi, inipun relatif lebih jarang dilakukan dibandingkan dengan download. Dari penjelasan di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kebutuhan untuk download jauh lebih besar daripada keperluan upload. Jika dipaksakan untuk mempunyai rate yang sama, hal itu akan membuat bandwidth menjadi tidak efisien.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Jika dilihat dari media transmisinya, saluran-saluran transmisi yang ada (saluran telepon) tidak disalurkan satu per satu ke setiap pelanggan (saluran tunggal), melainkan beberapa saluran dijadikan satu dalam satu bundel saluran. Biasanya dalam satu bundel terdapat 50 saluran. Dengan kondisi seperti ini, interferensi antarsaluran akan sangat mungkin banyak terjadi. Bahkan, jika dalam satu bundel yang sama terjadi transmisi data pada arah yang berlawanan, sinyal yang dipancarkan pada satu sisi (sisi bundel kabel) yang memiliki level sinyal yang masih tinggi akan mengganggu penerima pada sisi yang sama (sisi bundel kabel yang sama dengan pemancar) dengan level sinyal pada penerima yang lemah sekali. Kejadian ini disebut N EXT.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Akan tetapi, jika pada bundel yang sama tersebut sedang terjadi transmisi sinyal pada arah yang sama dan level sinyal yang ada pada kedua saluran tersebut bisa dianggap sama kuat, gangguan saluran juga dapat terjadi. Efek gangguannya lebih kecil daripada N EXT. Kejadian ini disebut dengan F EXT.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Selain itu, jika pada saluran yang sama ingin dilakukan komunikasi full-duplex, biasanya komunikasi dilakukan dengan mengirimkan kedua sinyal (sinyal yang dikirimkan dan diterima) dengan memodulasikannya pada frekuensi pembawa yang sama sehingga akan terjadi yagn disebut dengan echo (sinyal yang sedang dipancarkan masuk ke bagian penerima kembali atau sinyal sinyal balik). Echo biasanya dapat dihilangkan dengan rangkaian echo canceller yagn tidak sederhana.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Dari sisi aplikasinya, dewasa ini hanya diperlukan aplikasi-aplikasi yang dapat menyediakan informasi satu arah, misalnya video-on-demand, home shopping, Internet access, remote LAN access, dan multimedia access. Oleh karena itu, dari semua penjelasan di atas, tampaknya akan lebih mudah untuk membangun sistem ADSL.</span></span></p><p><span><span><strong>VDSL (Very High Data Rate Digital Subscriber Line)</strong></span></span></p><p><span><span>VDSL sebelumnya disebut sebagai VADSL karena pada awalnya, VDSL hanya dapat mengirimkan data dijital secara asimetrik seperti ADSL, tetapi dengan kapasitas yang lebih tinggi dari ADSL dan panjang saluran yang lebih pendek. Belum ada standar yang umum untuk VDSL. Dari beberapa diskusi yang ada, kapasitas downstream yang umum untuk VDSL adalah 12,96 Mbps (1/4 STS-1; 4,5 kft), 25,82 Mbps (1/2 STS-1; 4 kft), dan 51,84 Mbps (STS-1; 1 kft). Untuk keperluan upstream, kapasitas tersedia antara 1,6 Mbps hingga 2,3 Mbps. Istilah VADSL banyak ditentang, terutama oleh T1E1.4, karena menunjukkan sesuatu yang selalu tidak simetrik. Padahal, banyak yang menginginkan suatu saat akan benar-benar simetrik. Oleh karena itu, nama VDSL lebih disukai.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Dalam beberapa hal, VDSL lebih sederhana dibandingkan ADSL. Saluran transmisi yang lebih pendek pada VDSL menyebabkan hambatan-hambatan pada saluran yang mungkin terjadi pada saluran yang lebih panjang menjadi dapat ditekan. Oleh karena itu, teknologi transceiver-nya dapat menjadi lebih sederhana dan kapasitasnya akan 10 kali lebih tinggi. VDSL merupakan sasaran dari arsitektur jaringan ATM. VDSL memungkinkan terminasi jaringan pasif dan dapat digunakan pada lebih dari satu modem VDSL untuk digunakan pada saluran pelanggan, sama halnya dengan sistem telepon analog biasa (POTS).<br /></span></span></p>Hendrawan Nchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08512053857770933044noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-3127965690862453702011-04-16T08:31:00.000-07:002011-04-16T08:31:52.592-07:00Install Windows 7 dengan Flash DiskJika kita ingin menginstall computer atau laptop atau notebook yang tidak memiliki CD/DVD drive pasti akan kesulitan.<br />
Kali ini kita dapat melakukannya dengan menggunakan sebuah flash disk, tentunya computer atau laptop atau notebook kita dipastikan mendukung/support booting USB.<br />
Langsung saja kita praktikkan, ikuti langkah-langkah sebagai berikut:<br />
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<strong>LANGKAH PERTAMA </strong><br />
<ol><li>Siapkan sebuah flash disk minimal berkapasitas 4GB. dan pastikan pula tidak ada data penting di dalamnya, atau backup dulu isinya, sebab proses pembentukkan boot flash disk membutuhkan formating.</li>
<li>Tancapkan flash disk pada port USB yang sekiranya memiliki speed yang tinggi pada computer dengan OS Windows 7 atau Vista atau Windows 2008.</li>
<li>Masuk pada command mode (run -- ketik cmd -- enter) kemudian ikuti perintah-perintah sebagai berikut:</li>
</ol><ul><li>DISKPART</li>
<li>LIST DISK -- perhatikan pada tampilan lisk disk nomor berapa flash disk yang akan dibuat</li>
<li>SELECT DISK 4 -- misal flash disk kita pada nomor 4 dari daftar list disk.</li>
<li>CLEAN</li>
<li>CREATE PARTITION PRIMARY</li>
<li>SELECT PARTITION 1</li>
<li>ACTIVE</li>
<li>FORMAT FS=NTFS</li>
<li>ASSIGN</li>
<li>EXIT</li>
</ul> Langkah pertama sudah selesai.<br />
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<strong>LANGKAH KEDUA</strong><br />
<ol><li>Masukkan Disk Installer Windows 7 ke dalam DVD drive</li>
<li>Kembali pada command mode ketik E: (jika DVD drive pada drive E)</li>
<li>CD BOOT</li>
<li>BOOTSECT.EXE /NT60 F: (jika ada pesan setelah proses ini pada bagian akhir Access is denied, abaikan saja)</li>
<li>Tutup command mode, selanjutnya copy semua isi di dalam DVD installer Windows 7 ke dalam flash disk.</li>
<li>Flash disk siap diuji, restart computer dan pastikan boot awal pilihan pertama pada USB flas disk.</li>
</ol>Selamat mencoba semoga bermanfaat. Amiiinnn.....Hendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-30642943033487623042010-11-28T04:05:00.000-08:002010-11-28T04:05:49.733-08:00Boot.ini Ntdetect.com dan NtldrTahukah anda ? Kenapa Windows 2000 , dan windows Xp dapat diinstall di drive selain drive c: ?<br />
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Tidak seperti windows 95 ,windows 98 atau windows ME yang hanya bisa diinstall di drive c: . Windows 2000 dan windows Xp , systemnya bisa diinstall di drive lain misalnya , drive d: , e: dan seterusnya itu, karena sebenarnya ada minimal 3 file yang harus ada di drive c:<br />
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Ke-tiga file tersebut adalah:<br />
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1.Ntldr , Ntldr adalah file system yang ada windows 2000 atau windows Xp ,yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara MBR (Master Boot Record) dan System Operasi agar System bisa booting,atau kalau di windows 98 seperti command.com.Tanpa file ini bila komputer kita nyalakan maka akan keluar tampilan ntldr missing.<br />
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2. Ntdetect.com, file ini adalah file system yang ber fungsi untuk mendeteksi di mana ada folder system (windows 2000/windows xp) berada. Dengan adanya file ini System windows bisa di install sampai 3 system operasi (atau lebih) sekaligus , misalnya windows 98 , windows 2000 , windows xp. Tanpa adanya file ntdetect.com , windows akan restart terus menerus ataupun akan tampil blue screen.<br />
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3. Boot.ini , file ini dapat diakses melalui msconfig atau My Computer Click kanan > Properties >Advanced > pilih setting startup and recovery, di sytem startup inilah kita bisa edit file boot.ini. Yang sebenarnya file ini bertempat / ada di C:\boot.ini<br />
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Kalau melalui msconfig , caranya ketik di menu run : msconfig >pilih tab boot.ini , disini kita bisa menentukan pilihan startup yang kita kehendaki.<br />
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Untuk keamanan Operating system saya, sarankan untuk meng-copy file ini (sebagai back up) dan ditempatkan di tempat terserah, sesuai selera anda.Yang penting suatu saat kalau diperlukan dapat anda kembalikan lagi.<br />
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Penting!!! Bagi yang meng-install dual boot misalnya Windows 98 dan windows xp ,bila windows 98 mau dihapus, jangan langsung format dan restart karena windows xp menaruh tiga file tersebut diatas di drive c: tempat windows 98. Jika terlanjur di format tempatkan lagi 3 file tersebut (ntldr , ntdetect.com , boot.ini) di drive c: sebelum direstart.<br />
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File tersebut attributnya hidden system .untuk menampilkannya kita ke folder option > pilih view >pilih show hidden files and folders dan hilangkan check (unchecked) pada hide protected operating system files (Recommended)Hendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-79976583518576351242010-11-27T21:28:00.000-08:002011-04-17T08:41:19.297-07:00WIDE AREA NETWORKWANs are built to provide communication solutions for organizations or people who need to exchange digital information between two distant places (in one country or in two different countries). Since the distance is long, the local telecommunication company is involved, in fact, WANs are usually maintained by the country's public telecommunication companies (PTT's - like AT&T, Sprint, BEZEQ), which offer different communication services to the population. <br />The main purpose of a WAN is to provide reliable, fast and safe communication between two or more places (Nodes) with low delays and at low prices. WANs enable an organization to have one integral network between all its departments and offices, even if they are not all in the same building or city, providing communication between the organization and the rest of the world. In principle, this task is accomplished by connecting the organization (and all the other organizations) to the network nodes by different types of communication strategies and applications. Since WANs are usually developed by the PTT of each country, their development is influenced by each PTT's own strategies and politics.<br /><br /><b>Basic WANs</b> <br />The basic WAN service which the PTT usually offers (for many years) is a Leased Line. A Leased Line is a point-to-point connection between two places, implemented by different transmission media (usually through PSTN Trunks), which creates one link between its nodes. An organization whose networks are based on such lines has to connect each office with one line, meaning that each office is connected to as many lines as the number of offices it is connected to, as shown in the figure below. <br />In the past, leased lines were just 4 wires connected between the two places, and the responsibility for communication fell on the organization and the good will of the PTT's personnel. These lines were not managed and often suffered from a lot of noise. Moreover, these lines consumed the PTT's bandwidth even when no transmission was occurring. Today, leased lines are usually point-to-point digital lines, which are implemented by creating a permanent channel, with known bandwidth, between the two nodes and transferring the data by a dedicated digital network, which enables automatic management on the line and minimizes noise interference. <br /><br />For ages, the communication strategies of organizations were based on those lines and were usually built in a star configuration in order to minimize the amount of lines needed. It's easy to see that this configuration has a very weak point at its center. <br /><br />In the 1970's, some PTTs built digital circuit switched communication networks which enabled creating a non permanent digital connection between two places (like telephone), but those networks did not provide the breakthrough in the communication technologies. <br /><br /><b>Packet Switched WANs </b><br />The Packet Switched WAN appeared in the 1960's, and defined the basis for all communication networks today. The principle in Packet Switched Data Network (PSDN) is that the data between the nodes is transferred in small packets. This principle enables the PSDN to allow one node to be connected to more than one other node through one physical connection. That way, a fully connected network, between several nodes, can be obtained by connecting each node to one physical link, as shown in the figure below. <br />Another advantage for Packet Switching was the efficient use of resources by sharing the Network bandwidth among the users (instead of dividing).<br />Today, X.25 transfer rates are considered to be very low, and this service is expected to be replaced with new services by the end of the century. <br /><br /><b>New Technologies</b> <br />The communication target today is the ATM (and B-ISDN services). However, until applications and technologies for ATM become more developed, two main mid-time services are popularly used in the world today. <br />The first service is Frame Relay, which is considered to be the next generation for X.25, and enables faster communication rate (up to T3/E3) and better communication protocol. Until all its standards will be completed, Frame Relay is mainly a point-to-point service and replaces the leased lines. The second network service is ISDN, which is a fully digitized service, enabling communication for most types of data (voice, computer data and images) at all the network nodes (meaning in every house). This service is at its peak today and is been implemented mostly in Europe. <br />Those two communication networks are not fully developed yet, and will be spread in the world in the next years. <br /><br /><b>Future WANs</b> <br />The ATM network and B-ISDN services, which provide solutions for all types of data (including video) are been developed today and are beginning to be implemented. <br />But even today, new networks are been designed for future demands. Those new networks are aimed to work at enormous rates of Giga-bps, and are providing new challenges for their designers. <br />For example in a medium speed of 64Kbps, transferring a file of 10KBit over a distance of 3000Km will take 0.015625sec plus a minimum of 10 microseconds is needed for light to reach from 1 point to the other. In a Giga-Net of speed 10E+10bps, transferring that same file will take 1 microsecond (plus 10 microseconds for light), meaning that the file will reach the network before the first bit will reach its destination. This example, and other issues make the next generation of WANs a very challenging one. <br /><br />The WAN, has come a long way since the days of analog leased lines and is taking more and more tasks from the old separated networks into one integral network which enables good communication for any type of data or application.Hendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-34885667069229576802010-11-03T11:06:00.000-07:002010-11-03T11:34:01.903-07:00Konsep Subnetting<span style=";font-family:";font-size:12pt;" ><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;">Sebenarnya subnetting itu apa dan kenapa harus dilakukan? Pertanyaan ini bisa dijawab dengan analogi sebuah jalan. Jalan bernama Gatot Subroto terdiri dari beberapa rumah bernomor 01-08, dengan rumah nomor 08 adalah rumah Ketua RT yang memiliki tugas mengumumkan informasi apapun kepada seluruh rumah di wilayah Jl. Gatot Subroto.<br /><br /><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6QggXPqS-JD_JGHKl9o171EAzjjwSb5eM4EXbzX2tdXAft3XYELrfF9kaemM_e5x0ZN84HqsRZvog6vRZ9s5SHJNTLFitk8nDDcOyRniC6O3heJypTfyfa7UcSEBlbGM3pCpLYTUsKx8/s1600/pic-01.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 116px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6QggXPqS-JD_JGHKl9o171EAzjjwSb5eM4EXbzX2tdXAft3XYELrfF9kaemM_e5x0ZN84HqsRZvog6vRZ9s5SHJNTLFitk8nDDcOyRniC6O3heJypTfyfa7UcSEBlbGM3pCpLYTUsKx8/s320/pic-01.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535387066496432130" border="0" /></a></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> 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name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><span style=";font-family:georgia;font-size:12pt;" ><span style="font-size:100%;">Ketika rumah di wilayah itu makin banyak, tentu kemungkinan menimbulkan keruwetan dan kemacetan. Karena itulah kemudian diadakan pengaturan lagi, dibuat gang-gang, rumah yang masuk ke gang diberi nomor rumah baru, masing-masing gang ada Ketua RTnya sendiri-sendiri. Sehingga ini akan memecahkan kemacetan, efiesiensi dan optimalisasi transportasi, serta setiap gang memiliki previledge sendiri-sendiri dalam mengelola wilayahnya. Jadilah gambar wilayah baru seperti di bawah:<br /><br /><br /></span><span style=";font-size:12pt;" ><span style=";font-size:12pt;" ><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFvujXGEMy4Dw-cKivjeNviYtTieM7V9bjdQp2BEhDgEn2QErNUnfaxI2qHFMHb3JSGH8vQdCbNe4CZAx1bZpmRdvJ1uhnvRwatOGjT3YCGLQXfJVkjdWs-7P2j_Sxud_kKxU2khhyphenhyphenfZg/s1600/pic-02.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 238px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFvujXGEMy4Dw-cKivjeNviYtTieM7V9bjdQp2BEhDgEn2QErNUnfaxI2qHFMHb3JSGH8vQdCbNe4CZAx1bZpmRdvJ1uhnvRwatOGjT3YCGLQXfJVkjdWs-7P2j_Sxud_kKxU2khhyphenhyphenfZg/s320/pic-02.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535389599576239362" border="0" /></a></span></span></span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> 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Disatu sisi ingin mempermudah pengelolaan, misalnya suatu kantor ingin membagi kerja menjadi 3 divisi dengan masing-masing divisi memiliki 15 komputer (host). Disisi lain juga untuk optimalisasi dan efisiensi kerja jaringan, karena jalur lalu lintas tidak terpusat di satu network besar, tapi terbagi ke beberapa ruas-ruas gang. Yang pertama analogi Jl Gatot Subroto dengan rumah disekitarnya dapat diterapkan untuk jaringan adalah seperti NETWORK ADDRESS (nama jalan) dan HOST ADDRESS (nomer rumah). Sedangkan Ketua RT diperankan oleh BROADCAST ADDRESS (192.168.1.255), yang bertugas mengirimkan message ke semua host yang ada di network tersebut.</span><br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8_N6XTwO6CxQgLlZNMsQqrBTbmPYxjsj4XEjt0oPIlWsVrChSlcjADSrzpHFTgN-WmAHXwDaFvRB4FxedILFptmt5sgAvjBEW6106Cgag3bc1KjPu2h-E59TWD3wAroi3fuN9dO3-S8A/s1600/pic-03.jpg"><img style="display: block; margin: 0px auto 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 124px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8_N6XTwO6CxQgLlZNMsQqrBTbmPYxjsj4XEjt0oPIlWsVrChSlcjADSrzpHFTgN-WmAHXwDaFvRB4FxedILFptmt5sgAvjBEW6106Cgag3bc1KjPu2h-E59TWD3wAroi3fuN9dO3-S8A/s320/pic-03.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5535390431560704370" border="0" /></a></span><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"><br /><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";">Masih mengikuti analogi jalan diatas, kita terapkan ke subnetting jaringan adalah seperti gambar di bawah. 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10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--><span style="font-family:georgia;font-size:100%;"><span style=" ">Terus apa itu SUBNET MASK? Subnetmask digunakan untuk membaca bagaimana kita membagi jalan dan gang, atau membagi network dan hostnya. Address mana saja yang berfungsi sebagai SUBNET, mana yang HOST dan mana yang BROADCAST. Semua itu bisa kita ketahui dari SUBNET MASKnya. Jl Gatot Subroto tanpa gang yang saya tampilkan di awal bisa dipahami sebagai menggunakan SUBNET MASK DEFAULT, atau dengan kata lain bisa disebut juga bahwa Network tersebut tidak memiliki subnet (Jalan tanpa Gang). 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cellpadding="0" style="font-family:georgia;"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";">CLASS</span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";">OKTET PERTAMA</span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";">SUBNET MAS DEFAULT</span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";">PRIVATE ADDRESS</span></b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >A</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >1-127</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >255.0.0.0</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >B</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >128-191</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >255.255.0.0</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >C</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >192-223</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >255.255.255.0</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-size:85%;" >192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table>Hendrawan Nchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08512053857770933044noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-67836879508047702432010-11-03T10:08:00.000-07:002010-11-03T10:19:46.163-07:00Subnetting Pada Ip Address Class A<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:worddocument> <w:view>Normal</w:View> <w:zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:trackmoves/> <w:trackformatting/> <w:punctuationkerning/> <w:validateagainstschemas/> <w:saveifxmlinvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:ignoremixedcontent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> 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6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="72" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful List Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="73" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="19" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="21" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Emphasis"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="31" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Subtle Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="32" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Intense Reference"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="33" semihidden="false" unhidewhenused="false" qformat="true" name="Book Title"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="37" name="Bibliography"> <w:lsdexception locked="false" priority="39" qformat="true" name="TOC Heading"> </w:LatentStyles> </xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" >Kalau sudah mantab dan paham, kita lanjut ke Class A. Konsepnya semua sama saja. Perbedaannya adalah di <b>OKTET</b> mana kita mainkan blok subnet. Kalau Class C di oktet ke 4 (terakhir), kelas B di Oktet 3 dan 4 (2 oktet terakhir), kalau Class A di oktet 2, 3 dan 4 (3 oktet terakhir). Kemudian subnet mask yang bisa digunakan untuk subnetting class A adalah semua subnet mask dari CIDR /8 sampai /30.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" >Kita coba latihan untuk network address <b>10.0.0.0/16</b>.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Analisa</span></b></span><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" >: 10.0.0.0 berarti kelas A, dengan Subnet Mask /16 berarti 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000 (255.255.0.0).</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Penghitungan</span></b></span><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" >:</span></p> <ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Jumlah Subnet</span></b></span><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" > = 2<sup>8</sup> = 256 subnet</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Jumlah Host per Subnet</span></b></span><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" > = 2<sup>16</sup> - 2 = 65534 host</span></li><li class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:100%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" lang="FR">Blok Subnet</span></b></span><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" lang="FR" > = 256 - 255 = 1. 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font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} </style> <![endif]--> <table class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 315pt;" border="1" cellpadding="0" width="420"> <tbody><tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style=""><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Subnet</span></b></span><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" > </span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>0.0.0</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>1.0.0</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >… </span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>254.0.0</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>255.0.0</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Host Pertama</span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>0.0.1</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>1.0.1</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >… </span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>254.0.1</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>255.0.1</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Host Terakhir</span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>0.255.254</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>1.255.254</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >…</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>254.255.254</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>255.255.254</b></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style=""> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:85%;"><b><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";" >Broadcast</span></b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>0.255.255</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>1.255.255</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >…</span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>254.255.255</b></span></p> </td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:85%;" >10.<b>255.255.255</b></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <span style=" Times New Roman","serif";font-family:";font-size:100%;" ><br />Mudah-mudahan sudah setelah anda membaca paragraf terakhir ini, anda sudah memahami penghitungan subnetting dengan baik.</span>Hendrawan Nchttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08512053857770933044noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-82045713935877014192010-10-28T22:28:00.000-07:002010-11-16T08:41:28.639-08:00Subnetting Pada IP Address Class B<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Berikutnya kita akan mencoba melakukan subnetting untuk IP address class B. Pertama, subnet mask yang bisa digunakan untuk subnetting class B adalah seperti dibawah. Sengaja saya pisahkan jadi dua, blok sebelah kiri dan kanan karena masing-masing berbeda teknik terutama untuk oktet yang “dimainkan” berdasarkan blok subnetnya. CIDR /17 sampai /24 caranya sama persis dengan subnetting Class C, hanya blok subnetnya kita masukkan langsung ke oktet ketiga, bukan seperti Class C yang “dimainkan” di oktet keempat. Sedangkan CIDR /25 sampai /30 (kelipatan) blok subnet kita “mainkan” di oktet keempat, tapi setelah selesai oktet ketiga berjalan maju (coeunter) dari 0, 1, 2, 3, dst.</span><br />
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 410px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Subnet Mask</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nilai CIDR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.128.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/17</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.192.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/18</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.224.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/19</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.240.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/20</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.248.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/21</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.252.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/22</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.254.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/23</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.0</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/24</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div align="center"><table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Subnet Mask</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nilai CIDR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.128</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/25</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.192</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/26</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.224</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/27</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.240</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/28</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.248</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/29</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.252</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/30</span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Sekarang, kita coba dua soal untuk kedua teknik subnetting untuk Class B. Kita mulai dari yang menggunakan subnetmask dengan CIDR /17 sampai /24. Contoh network address <b>172.16.0.0/18</b>.</span></div><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Analisa</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">: 172.16.0.0 berarti kelas B, dengan Subnet Mask /18 berarti 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000 (255.255.192.0).</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Penghitungan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">:</span></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jumlah Subnet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> = 2<sup>x</sup>, dimana x adalah banyaknya binari 1 pada 2 oktet terakhir. Jadi Jumlah Subnet adalah 2<sup>2</sup> = 4 subnet</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jumlah Host per Subnet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> = 2<sup>y</sup> - 2, dimana y adalah adalah kebalikan dari x yaitu banyaknya binari 0 pada 2 oktet terakhir. Jadi jumlah host per subnet adalah 2<sup>14</sup> - 2 = 16.382 host</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Blok Subnet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> = 256 - 192 = 64. Subnet berikutnya adalah 64 + 64 = 128, dan 128+64=192. Jadi subnet lengkapnya adalah <b>0, 64, 128, 192</b>.</span> </li>
<li class="MsoNormal">Alamat host dan broadcast yang valid:</li>
</ol><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></b> <br />
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 3pt; width: 497px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Subnet</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.0</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>64.0</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>128.0</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>192.0</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Host Pertama</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.1</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>64.1</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>128.1</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>192.1</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Host Terakhir</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>63.254</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>127.254</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>191.254</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>255.254</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Broadcast</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>63.255</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>127.255</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>191.255</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>.255.255</b></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"><br />
</span><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Berikutnya kita coba satu lagi untuk Class B khususnya untuk yang menggunakan subnetmask CIDR /25 sampai /30. Contoh network address <b>172.16.0.0/25</b>.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Analisa</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">: 172.16.0.0 berarti kelas B, dengan Subnet Mask /25 berarti 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 (255.255.255.128).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Penghitungan</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">:</span></div><ol start="1" type="1"><li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jumlah Subnet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> = 2<sup>9</sup> = 512 subnet</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Jumlah Host per Subnet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> = 2<sup>7</sup> - 2 = 126 host</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Blok Subnet</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> = 256 - 128 = 128. Jadi lengkapnya adalah (<b>0, 128</b>)</span></li>
<li class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Alamat host dan broadcast yang valid</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">?</span></li>
</ol><table border="1" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="width: 420px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Subnet</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;"> </span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.0</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.128</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>1.0</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">… </span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>255.128</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Host Pertama</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.1</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.129</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>1.1</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">… </span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>255.129</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Host Terakhir</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.126</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.254</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>1.126</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">…</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>255.254</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Broadcast</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.127</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>0.255</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>1.127</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">…</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">172.16.<b>255.255</b></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Masih bingung juga? Ok sebelum masuk ke Class A, coba ulangi lagi dari Class C, dan baca pelan-pelan</span>Hendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-62135251914976696502010-10-26T19:36:00.000-07:002010-11-16T08:49:40.930-08:00Subnetting Pada Ip Address Class CSubnetting seperti apa yang terjadi dengan sebuah NETWORK ADDRESS 192.168.1.0/26 ?<br />
Analisa: 192.168.1.0 berarti kelas C dengan Subnet Mask /26 berarti 11111111.11111111.11111111.11000000 (255.255.255.192).<br />
Penghitungan: Seperti sudah saya sebutkan sebelumnya semua pertanyaan tentang subnetting akan berpusat di 4 hal, jumlah subnet, jumlah host per subnet, blok subnet, alamat host dan broadcast yang valid. Jadi kita selesaikan dengan urutan seperti itu:<br />
<ol><li>Jumlah Subnet = 2<sup>x</sup>, dimana x adalah banyaknya binari 1 pada oktet terakhir subnet mask (2 oktet terakhir untuk kelas B, dan 3 oktet terakhir untuk kelas A). Jadi Jumlah Subnet adalah 2<sup>2</sup> = 4 subnet</li>
<li>Jumlah Host per Subnet = 2<sup>y</sup> - 2, dimana y adalah adalah kebalikan dari x yaitu banyaknya binari 0 pada oktet terakhir subnet. Jadi jumlah host per subnet adalah 2<sup>6</sup> - 2 = 62 host</li>
<li>Blok Subnet = 256 - 192 (nilai oktet terakhir subnet mask) = 64. Subnet berikutnya adalah 64 + 64 = 128, dan 128+64=192. Jadi subnet lengkapnya adalah 0, 64, 128, 192.</li>
<li>Bagaimana dengan alamat host dan broadcast yang valid? Kita langsung buat tabelnya. Sebagai catatan, host pertama adalah 1 angka setelah subnet, dan broadcast adalah 1 angka sebelum subnet berikutnya.</li>
</ol><table border="0" cellpadding="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="margin-left: 0pt; width: 420px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Subnet</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>0</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>64</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>128</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>192</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Host Pertama</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>1</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>65</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>129</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>193</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Host Terakhir</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>62</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>126</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>190</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>254</b></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Broadcast</span></b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>63</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>127</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>191</b></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: x-small;">192.168.1.<b>255</b></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table><br />
Kita sudah selesaikan subnetting untuk IP address Class C. Dan kita bisa melanjutkan lagi untuk subnet mask yang lain, dengan konsep dan teknik yang sama. Subnet mask yang bisa digunakan untuk subnetting class C adalah seperti di bawah. Silakan anda coba menghitung seperti cara diatas untuk subnetmask lainnya.<br />
<br />
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Subnet Mask</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Nilai CIDR</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.128</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/25</span></div></td> </tr>
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<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.248</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/29</span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">255.255.255.252</span></div></td> <td style="padding: 0.75pt;"><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">/30</span></div></td> </tr>
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(dikutip dari: <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Calibri","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><a href="http://romisatriawahono.net/aboutme" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Romi Satria Wahono</span></a>)</span>Hendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6742646735185746099.post-71701206807323533202010-10-23T08:41:00.000-07:002010-10-25T08:23:44.965-07:00APA ITU VLAN ( Virtual Locak Area Network )<b>PENGANTAR</b><br />
Pemanfaatan teknologi jaringan komputer sebagai media komunikasi data hingga saat ini semakin meningkat. Kebutuhan atas penggunaan bersama resources yang ada dalam jaringan baik software maupun hardware telah mengakibatkan timbulnya berbagai pengembangan teknologi jaringan itu sendiri. Seiring dengan semakin<br />
tingginya tingkat kebutuhan dan semakin banyaknya pengguna jaringan yang menginginkan suatu bentuk jaringan yang dapat memberikan hasil maksimal baik dari segi efisiensi maupun peningkatan keamanan jaringan itu sendiri.<br />
Berlandaskan pada keinginan-keinginan tersebut, maka upaya-upaya penyempurnaan terus dilakukan oleh berbagai pihak. Dengan memanfaatkan berbagai tekhnik khususnya teknik subnetting dan penggunaan hardware yang lebih baik (antara lain switch) maka muncullah konsep Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) yang diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibanding Local Area Network (LAN).<br />
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<a name='more'></a><b>PENGERTIAN</b><br />
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VLAN merupakan suatu model jaringan yang tidak terbatas pada lokasi fisik seperti LAN, hal ini mengakibatkan suatu network dapat dikonfigurasi secara virtual tanpa harus menuruti lokasi fisik peralatan. Penggunaan VLAN akan membuat pengaturan jaringan menjadi sangat fleksibel dimana dapat dibuat segmen yang bergantung pada organisasi atau departemen, tanpa bergantung pada lokasi workstation seperti pada gambar di bawah ini Gambar Jaringan VLAN<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUgSByMbphgK0CEVVqULEzEirf7yNzmBRYOpo92veMgM00EU3Mqnfhp4NRM-g9eY7wzYAgOsW_TENuZGqyh-y9LmVoYoX9ne8rC9F-Efg3FYyjmFmq7EmEpHQtwXzjAuxxUizcsWFzlX-8/s1600/gambar1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUgSByMbphgK0CEVVqULEzEirf7yNzmBRYOpo92veMgM00EU3Mqnfhp4NRM-g9eY7wzYAgOsW_TENuZGqyh-y9LmVoYoX9ne8rC9F-Efg3FYyjmFmq7EmEpHQtwXzjAuxxUizcsWFzlX-8/s320/gambar1.png" width="305" /></a></div><br />
<b>BAGAIMANA VLAN BEKERJA</b><br />
VLAN diklasifikasikan berdasarkan metode (tipe) yang digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikannya, baik menggunakan port, MAC addresses dsb. Semua informasi yang mengandung penandaan/pengalamatan suatu vlan (tagging) di simpan dalam suatu database (tabel), jika penandaannya berdasarkan port yang digunakan maka database harus mengindikasikan port-port yang digunakan oleh VLAN. Untuk mengaturnya maka biasanya digunakan switch/bridge yang manageable atau yang bisa diatur. Switch/bridge inilah yang bertanggung jawab menyimpan semua informasi dan konfigurasi suatu VLAN dan dipastikan semua switch/bridge memiliki informasi yang sama. Switch akan menentukan kemana data-data akan diteruskan dan sebagainya atau dapat pula digunakan suatu software pengalamatan (bridging software) yang berfungsi mencatat/menandai suatu VLAN beserta workstation yang di dalamnya. Untuk menghubungkan antar VLAN dibutuhkan router.<br />
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<b>TIPE TIPE VLAN</b><br />
Keanggotaan dalam suatu VLAN dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan port yang digunakan , MAC address, tipe protokol.<br />
<ol><li><b>Berdasarkan Port</b>: Keanggotaan pada suatu VLAN dapat di dasarkan pada port yang di gunakan oleh VLAN tersebut. Sebagai contoh, pada bridge/switch dengan 4 port, port 1, 2, dan 4 merupakan VLAN 1 sedang port 3 dimiliki oleh VLAN 2, VLAN 2 2 1 2 Kelemahannya adalah user tidak bisa untuk berpindah pindah, apabila harus berpindah maka Network administrator harus mengkonfigurasikan ulang.</li>
<li><b>Berdasarkan MAC Address</b>: Keanggotaan suatu VLAN didasarkan pada MAC address dari setiap workstation/komputer yang dimiliki oleh user. Switch mendeteksi/mencatat semua MAC address yang dimiliki oleh setiap Virtual LAN. MAC address merupakan suatu bagian yang dimiliki oleh NIC (Network Interface Card) di setiap workstation. Kelebihannya apabila user berpindah pindah maka dia akan tetap terkonfigurasi sebagai anggota dari VLAN tersebut. Sedangkan kekurangannya bahwa setiap mesin harus dikonfigurasikan secara manual, dan untuk jaringan yang memiliki ratusan workstation maka tipe ini kurang efissien untuk dilakukan.</li>
<li><b>Berdasarkan tipe</b>: Protokol yang digunakan keanggotaan VLAN juga bisa berdasarkan protocol yang digunakan.</li>
<li><b>Berdasarkan Alamat Subnet IP</b>: Subnet IP address pada suatu jaringan juga dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasi suatu VLAN. Konfigurasi ini tidak berhubungan dengan routing pada jaringan dan juga tidak mempermasalahkan funggsi router.IP address digunakan untuk memetakan keanggotaan VLAN.Keuntungannya seorang user tidak perlu mengkonfigurasikan ulang alamatnya di jaringan apabila berpindah tempat, hanya saja karena bekerja di layer yang lebih tinggi maka akan sedikit lebih lambat untuk meneruskan paket di banding menggunakan MAC addresses.</li>
<li><b>Berdasarkan aplikasi atau kombinasi lain</b>: Sangat dimungkinkan untuk menentukan suatu VLAN berdasarkan aplikasi yang dijalankan, atau kombinasi dari semua tipe di atas untuk diterapkan pada suatu jaringan. Misalkan: aplikasi FTP (file transfer protocol) hanya bias digunakan oleh VLAN 1 dan Telnet hanya bisa digunakan pada VLAN 2.</li>
</ol><b>PERBEDAAN MENDASAR ANTARA LAN DAN VLAN</b><br />
Perbedaan yang sangat jelas dari model jaringan Local Area Network dengan Virtual Local Area Network adalah bahwa bentuk jaringan dengan model Local Area Network sangat bergantung pada letak/fisik dari workstation, serta penggunaan hub dan repeater sebagai perangkat jaringan yang memiliki beberapa kelemahan. Sedangkan yang menjadi salah satu kelebihan dari model jaringan dengan VLAN adalah bahwa tiap-tiap workstation/user yang tergabung dalam satu VLAN/bagian (organisasi, kelompok dsb) dapat tetap saling berhubungan walaupun terpisah secara fisik. Atau lebih jelas lagi akan dapat kita lihat perbedaan LAN dan VLAN pada gambar di bawah ini.<br />
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<b>Gambar konfigurasi LAN</b><br />
[hub]-[1]-[1]-[1] <– lan 1/di lantai 1<br />
|<br />
[x]–[hub]-[2]-[2]-[2] <– lan 2/di lantai 2<br />
| <br />
[hub]-[3]-[3]-[3] <– lan 3/di lantai 3<br />
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<b>Gambar konfigurasi VLAN</b><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdlsJmGMBtlctutFKxMIVywP1ORmPrA-H9hkDwLy69GQTkHt59dip10FXiDt8cgzh7xmu77fWNqYM4PkbefCV9fdVO0TyF0rjB0BMit7rOIjky1iT1C3Uu6AMm27UkJiojNj-kiWMZKjdJ/s1600/gambar2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="124" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdlsJmGMBtlctutFKxMIVywP1ORmPrA-H9hkDwLy69GQTkHt59dip10FXiDt8cgzh7xmu77fWNqYM4PkbefCV9fdVO0TyF0rjB0BMit7rOIjky1iT1C3Uu6AMm27UkJiojNj-kiWMZKjdJ/s320/gambar2.png" width="320" /></a></div>Terlihat jelas VLAN telah merubah batasan fisik yang selama ini tidak dapat diatasi oleh LAN. Keuntungan inilah yang diharapkan dapat memberikan kemudahan-kemudahan baik secara teknis dan operasional.Hendrawan Nc.http://www.blogger.com/profile/01592738269166651231noreply@blogger.com